In a large pot, heat a tablespoon of olive oil over medium heat. Add the diced onion and sauté until translucent, about 5 minutes. Stir in garlic and jalapeño, cooking for an additional 2 minutes until fragrant.
Stir in the corn kernels and cook for about 3 minutes, allowing them to soften slightly.
Add the chili powder, cumin, salt, and pepper to the pot, mixing well to coat the corn and vegetables evenly.
Gradually pour in the vegetable broth and bring everything to a gentle boil. Reduce the heat and let it simmer for about 10-15 minutes, allowing the flavors to meld.
Using an immersion blender, blend the soup until it reaches your desired consistency (smooth or slightly chunky). If you don't have an immersion blender, carefully transfer the soup to a countertop blender, blend, and then return it to the pot.
Stir in the heavy cream and lime juice, adjusting seasoning with salt and pepper as necessary. Let the soup gently heat through for another 5 minutes but do not boil.
Ladle the soup into bowls and top with crumbled cotija cheese and fresh cilantro.
Notes
Serve with additional corn kernels and lime wedges for extra flavor.